ISWAP Using Social Media To Destabilise Nigeria, Others – Report

The Islamic State of West Africa (ISWAP) insurgents are said to be making use of social media platforms to propagate their criminal activities in Nigeria and other West African countries.

In a report released on September 15, the Institute for Security Studies said ISWAP fighters are using platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp and Telegram to discuss their operations in West Africa.

The institute stated that the terrorist group has over 50 Facebook and Telegram accounts which it uses to organise and carry out its criminal activities in the region.

According to the institute, it is harder to intercept the terrorists’ presence online and they are achieving a reach online that would not be possible in the physical world.

It, however, advised all African governments to pressure tech companies to deal with terrorism online, stressing that nothing is been done to curb terrorism online.

The report reads: “Groups such as the Boko Haram breakaway faction, Islamic State West Africa Province, appear to rely on messaging services like WhatsApp and Telegram to communicate internally and externally because they prefer these apps’ encrypted nature. ‘Telegram is becoming the new frontline for terrorist groups in Africa,’ warns Mr Bukarti.

‘On the last count, ISWAP had over 50 Facebook and Telegram accounts.’ Furthermore, ‘there’s no scrutiny; nobody seems to care in Africa.

“While larger platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp have the resources to offer a degree of content moderation, many smaller operators don’t. These are the ones terrorist groups prefer’.

“According to researchers such as Bulama Bukarti of the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, what’s more, given their decentralised character, these groups are proving harder to intercept and are achieving a reach online that would not be possible in the physical world.

”A recent workshop in Ghana organised by Tech Against Terrorism laid out the expansive nature of online terrorist content in West Africa and highlighted strategies to mitigate the risks.”

TAT is a non-governmental organisation established by the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate to forge ties between tech platforms, academia and civil society.

Social Media As Propaganda Tool

The institute said terrorist groups in West Africa are planning to hijack social media platforms and messaging applications to deliver propaganda, recruit, radicalise and incite attacks in the region.

It added that there has been a steady rise in terrorist attacks where social media platforms and messaging apps have become an integral part of extremists’ mode of operation.

The report added: “When al-Shabaab attacked the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya in 2013, the group live-blogged the terrifying event on Twitter, taunting the authorities who were struggling to end the siege. It represented a chilling milestone in the weaponisation of social media platforms and demonstrated the audacity and adaptive nature of Africa’s armed groups.

“Nearly a decade later, terrorist groups in West Africa are fine-tuning their tactics to hijack social media platforms and messaging apps. Parts of the region have been home to the fastest growing and deadliest violent extremists, the Global Terrorism Index reveals. And there has been a steady rise in incidents where social media platforms and messaging apps have become an integral part of extremists’ modus operandi.

“A former head of Facebook’s Counterterrorism and Dangerous Organizations Policy section and now programming leader for the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, a TAT partner, Dr Erin Saltman, is a prominent voice in this field. She says greater efforts are needed to encourage tech companies to ‘prevent and respond’ to terrorism online by increasing their transparency and reporting while respecting human rights.

“Anne Craanen, who monitors developments in West Africa, noted that extremists are now using smaller platforms to circumvent controls aimed at removing terrorist content,

“For example, AQIM – arguably the region’s most aggressive user of online communication – uses ‘beacon’ websites to draw internet traffic to smaller sites. It also uses ‘aggregators’ designed to offer viewers a cluster of links to the same piece of terrorist content, to evade content moderation.”